Sleeve Gastrectomy
Sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical procedure designed to assist with significant weight loss by removing approximately 80% of the stomach. This results in a tubular stomach shape resembling a banana, which limits food intake and induces hormonal changes that promote weight loss. Often referred to as vertical sleeve gastrectomy, this procedure is predominantly performed using laparoscopic techniques, involving several small incisions rather than a single large cut.
Why Sleeve Gastrectomy is Performed
The primary purpose of sleeve gastrectomy is to aid individuals struggling with obesity to lose excess weight and mitigate the risks associated with weight-related health issues. These can include:
- Heart disease
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Type 2 diabetes
- Stroke
- Certain cancers
- Infertility
This surgical option is generally considered after other weight-loss methods, such as dietary changes and exercise, have been insufficient. Candidates for sleeve gastrectomy typically have a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher, or a BMI between 35 and 39.9 coupled with serious health problems linked to obesity. Some individuals with a BMI of 30 to 34 and significant weight-related health issues may also qualify.
Eligibility Requirements
To be considered for sleeve gastrectomy, patients must be committed to adopting a healthier lifestyle, including long-term dietary and behavioral changes. Insurance coverage for the procedure can vary, so it’s important to consult with healthcare providers and insurance companies regarding potential costs and coverage.
Risks and Considerations
Like any major surgery, sleeve gastrectomy carries risks that can manifest both in the short term and long term. Common risks include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Infection
- Adverse reactions to anesthesia
- Blood clots
- Lung or breathing complications
- Leaks from the stomach’s cut edge
Long-term complications may involve gastrointestinal blockage, hernias, gastroesophageal reflux, low blood sugar, malnutrition, and vomiting. While rare, some complications can be life-threatening.
Preparing for Surgery
Preparation for sleeve gastrectomy typically spans several weeks and may involve:
- Physical Activity: Starting a regular exercise program and ceasing tobacco use.
- Dietary Changes: Following specific eating restrictions prior to surgery.
- Planning for Recovery: Arranging for assistance at home post-surgery can ease the transition back to daily life.
Your healthcare team will provide detailed instructions on what to expect and how to prepare physically and mentally for the procedure.
The Surgical Procedure
Sleeve gastrectomy is usually performed in a hospital setting, with an expected stay of one to two nights, depending on recovery progress. The procedure typically lasts between one to two hours and is conducted under general anesthesia.
During the surgery, the surgeon staples the stomach vertically, creating the sleeve while removing the larger, curved portion. This minimally invasive approach promotes quicker recovery and less postoperative pain compared to traditional open surgery.
Recovery Post-Surgery
Following the procedure, patients will initially be on a liquid diet, progressing to pureed foods and eventually to regular foods over several weeks. To maintain nutritional health, lifelong supplementation of essential vitamins and minerals is required.
In the early months after surgery, patients may experience various physical changes due to rapid weight loss, such as:
- Body aches
- Fatigue
- Sensitivity to cold
- Dry skin
- Hair thinning
- Mood fluctuations
Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are crucial during this phase to monitor progress and address any health concerns.
Long-Term Outcomes and Expectations
Sleeve gastrectomy can lead to substantial, long-lasting weight loss, with individuals often losing about 60% or more of their excess weight within two years. Additionally, many weight-related health issues improve or resolve entirely, contributing to an enhanced quality of life and improved ability to perform daily activities.
However, it’s essential to recognize that not all patients achieve their desired weight-loss goals. Failure to adhere to recommended lifestyle changes, such as avoiding high-calorie foods and maintaining regular exercise, can lead to weight regain. Therefore, ongoing commitment to healthy habits is vital for long-term success.